The Obstacle Of Organizing Government - 920 Words

The obstacle of organizing government around the environment is that, for the most part, society is too focused on economic growth for the environment to take a precedent. And, as Leopold notes, â€Å"land†¦is still property† (Leopold 218). The environment, or for Leopold the land, is not a global citizen in-it-of itself. Rather, the land is merely a tool for the continued economic growth. Since land has limited legal rights, Leopold sees that humans see no harm in exploiting the environment for capital gain. As such, granting the environment legal protection would, as Leopold saw it, be a better means of conservation efforts. Leopold described a system of ethics that, when applied appropriately, apply to both man and land. Despite defining an ethic as both â€Å"a limitation on freedom off action in the struggle for existence† and â€Å"a differentiation of social from anti-social conduct, Leopold saw little difference between an ethological—the former—and the philosophical—the latter—definitions of an ethic (Leopold 217-218). Both definitions create a sense of cooperation between individuals. However, the issue for the human-land relation is that, currently, ethics is not being applied. â€Å"The land-relation is still strictly economic, entailing privileges but not obligations† (Leopold 218). As Leopold saw it, mankind understands the need for the natural world, so there exists a limited sense of respect. However, unlike the ethics shared between human beings, the rights of land are notShow MoreRelatedAn Implementation Of A Community Intervention812 Words   |   4 Pagesissues) to be addressed by the group. In this paper, Vanessa and Sydney together will contribute to the impact of the organizing issue. Vanessa will also contribute to the introduction, while Sydney will contribute to the demographic data for this paper. Blaire will contribute to the capabilities section, and Bashiru will contribute to the lesson learned section. Impact of organizing issue There are many factors that are present and could be leverage to lessen the impact of increasing political involvementRead MoreThe Press Released Horror Stories1432 Words   |  6 Pagesreact (297); such a question gives an accurate summary of any government or corporation’s expected response: some sort of violence. The British government responded with extreme violence to the Mau Mau rebellion when 11,000 rebel died (Robbins 298). Likewise, though on a much smaller scale, there has been violence in the interactions between oil companies and the Huaorani (see Ziegler-Otero Resistance). However, all responses from governments and capitalists have not been violent. Native Americans haveRead MoreEssay on Democratic Peace1477 Words   |  6 Pagesfire from many individuals due to the complex nature in which it is applied to nations and their handling of foreign affairs. There are currently two accepted arguments: (1) Democracies do not fight one another because they are self-organizing systems and are therefore fundamentally distinct from other states, and (2) they are as prone to conflict with no democracies or quasi-democracies as no democracies are with one another. These views on democratic peace are one of a â€Å"†¦Read MoreWhy The Colonies Declared Independence998 Words   |  4 Pagestried unsuccessfully to reach a peaceful and diplomatic solution. They wanted to work out their differences with the British ruling authority. The time finally came when the colonists realized independence was their only option. There were many obstacles and detours along the road to American independence, and along the way many supporters were hesitant to the idea of complete independence. In spite of Great Britain’s effort to maintain control of these colonies, a nation was formed. A widely heldRead MoreA Particular Leadership and Character Building Experience1123 Words   |  4 Pagesin college from age 16 through 20. As Independent Dealer and Student Manager, I successfully surmounted the obstacles distinctive of the program such as selling door to door; organizing my own business; working at least 75 hr. a week every week of the summer; recruiting, training and motivating my own team; and, at the same time, overcoming the language and cultural barriers. The obstacles I had to face at the age of eighteen were so difficult that very few people in the company thought I would overcomeRead MorePersonal Statement For Public Health Arena897 Words   |  4 Pagesexplore health problems in my community. One day after another, I realized how poor was the quality of health services and health education among patients and how it deeply affected people in my community. Most importantly, the lack of attention government and local leaders paid to public health issues, ha ve led me to realize that it is not more physicians as to what our country needs, but someone to point out problems and propose effective solutions.. My first introduction to the public healthRead MoreComparison Between E-Business and Traditional Business1559 Words   |  7 Pagesorder to remain competitive in the market. This is due to the fact that there is a paradigm shift towards a more innovative market alongside the consumers. Through the report it is assured that in the long term infrastructure cost will be the key obstacle for traditional entrepreneurs as newer technological innovations take place (Robertson.B amp; Sribar.V, n.d.). Opposing to the traditional method of business, E-businesses also have their share of cultural challenges. Firstly, entrepreneurs willRead MoreEnglish Is My Second Language931 Words   |  4 Pagesadvanced than previous. By moving to next level this is ESL 5, I will keep my English learning attitude and patient to develop and practicing my writing skill. In ESL 273 class, I learned about write a powerful conclusion paragraphs and a smooth organizing skill, and I also noticed I need to continue improving to make a strong topic sentences, and then explain the topic clearly. For those reasons, I should keep to the next level of education on my second language, and the level is ESL 5. I believeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1957944 Words   |  4 Pages‘Black Vote’. Up to 1957, and for a variety of reasons, only 20% of African Americans had registered to vote. In Britain, the government takes the initiative in sending out voter registration forms which individuals have to return. In America it is up to each person to take the responsibility to register their vote. In the South plain intimidation and official apathy and obstacles meant that very few African Americans registered their vote. Those that did not disqualified themselves from voting (HistoryLearningSiteRead MoreThe War On Terror Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesmay not even be Muslims, but kindred agents who likewise hate us and oppose our values). Like the cold wars, the logic of this new organizing framework can be awesomely compelling to the popular imagination because it runs on fear--the publics expanding fear of potential dangers. The political commodity of fear has no practical limits. The government has the ability to manufacture more. Nor is there any obvious ceiling on what the nation must devote--in JFKs famous phrase--to

Hope in the Totalitarian Realm Essay - 33595 Words

Hope in the Totalitarian Realm Religion and the manipulation of history are the most important steps in creating a totalitarian state. In the novels discussed the reader comes to understand true oppression results when hope and power are removed in their totality. Katherine Burdekin’s novel, Swastika Night, portrays women who are degraded and removed, stripped of identity, femininity, and important self-efficacy as societal role-players. However, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale presents a more inclusive and historically aware society, though still defined by the separation of citizens into a strict, sexist, man-made hierarchy and ruled by religious authority. The participation allowed to women leaves opportunity for women to shape†¦show more content†¦In the novel this began with a man called von Weid, a man close to Hitler who had very particular ideas about how to better the country and create an optimal state for the glorious German peoples. Much of this had to do with the pr ide of the German men in their own power, strength, and superiority. These men and von Weid himself were so obsessed with their own personal glory that they sought to reduce and destroy anything that stood in opposition to them. To initiate this plan, laid out in von Weid’s book, Germany began the forceful annihilation of all historical evidence of a world before Hitler. With all historical records, cultural indicators, and academic knowledge incinerated and obliterated, the glorification of Hitler as God and removal of women’s right to sexually deny a man (their only perceived agency) were the final steps in creating a utopian society for German men. Without the historical context to contradict this society, its government, and the new religion, who is to say Hitler is not God or that women do have souls? This removal of history and shared belief about hierarchical power is the platform on which the Holy Hitler religion and government by the elite can stand. These two factors are one in the same, with the government relying on the religion for its source of power and the religion relying on the government for its propagation. The women of the GermanShow MoreRelatedHuxley V. Orwell1015 Words   |  5 Pageslengths to demonstrate the terrifying degree of power and control a totalitarian regime can acquire and maintain. In such regimes, notions of personal rights and freedoms and individual thought are pulverized under the all-powerful hand of the government. Orwell was a Socialist and believed strongly in the potential for rebellion to advance society, yet too often he witnessed such rebellions go wrong and develop into totalitarian rule. Specifically, Orwell saw such developments during his time inRead MoreQuestions: 1. How are intellectuals treated in this book? Are they respected, feared or repressed?600 Words   |  3 Pagesthe whole problem in this book. They dictate what everyone says at all times. Most of the people that live in Oceania buy into the propaganda spewed by the government and simply go through the motions mindlessly. A select few disagree with the totalitarian control that the Party implements. 4. Who is in control of the economy in the book? Are items banned or seen as contraband? Is there a black market? Is your character part of this?- The Party controls the economy in its entirety, just like theyRead MoreNineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe nature of reality within the realm of idealism is considered to be a notion where human existence is present and demonstrates the extent of autonomy individuals possess. However, the freedom exerted by the people of the nation can impact the government’s control and strength over its citizens and states. George Orwell explores in his political novel, â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-Four†. Winston, the male protagonist, challenges the totalitarian state’s ideals and goals, to purse his own liberty. The Party’sRead MoreAnalysis of Pedro Paramo Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesHope is a mad persons fantasy; reality is an inevitable cycle of disturbance and disappointment. Without salvation, love, and even hope, past and present lose their greater meaning. Reality exists only in the absolute power of the local boss and the Church. It is these realities which send the inhabitants of Comala into a never-ending spiral of pitiful restlessness. Pedro P#225;ramo is about the inescapable flaws of religious devotion combined with this tyrannical local political system, seen byRead MoreTrauma And Stressor Related Disorder984 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnosis in the trauma realm. Herman’s response to this is complex trauma disorder. Complex trauma disorder recognizes the spectrum of conditions that results from prolonged, repeated trauma in addition to the profound deformations of personality that occur in captivity. C-PTSD gives individuals who have suffered through extended periods of trauma the recognition that they deserve. In clinical terms, Herman speaks of C-PTSD as having, â€Å"A history of subjection to totalitarian control over a prolongedRead More Dmitri Shostakovich and Johann Sebastian Bach Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pageshe lived in an uneasy relationship with the ideologically oppressive authorities. His life was difficult, but from his very first symphony of 1925 he was hailed as one of the greatest composers of his day. He had two public clashes with Stalin’s totalitarian regime, but survived. Today, a fierce argument rages over his actual political leanings: he never publicly showed dissatisfaction with communism, but his supposed memoirs paint a very different picture. The world of music changed greatly betweenRead MoreWhy NYU Thesis Statement1335 Words   |  6 Pagesmentor I bleached my cells with the spinning disk confocal microscope. However, it was through the endless trials and errors that I discovered a love for biology and seeking answers to the unknown. Through the College of Arts and Science at NYU, I hope to pursue a Global Public Health/Science major concentrated in Genetics and Genomics. This past summer, I participated in the Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science Program (MITES) at MIT, and I had the pleasure of speaking to Eric LanderRead MoreRachita Taneja. Professor Debashree Sinha. Aamn601 Minor1225 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Debashree Sinha AAMN601 Minor Project - I 10 March 2017 Ionesco’s Rhinoceros: The Exposition of Existentialism Eugene Ionesco’s first full-length play, Rhinoceros demonstrates the apprehension about the spread of inhuman totalitarian tendencies within the society. The drama written in 1959 is inspired by Ionesco’s personal experiences with fascism during World War II, this absurd drama depicts the struggle of a person to maintain his identity and integrity alone in a worldRead MoreEssay on The American (Totalitarian) Democratic System?2012 Words   |  9 Pagesthereof) and occupation, restrictions that are often the works of the individuals elected to represent the people on a national scale. The United States no longer solely resembles a democratic republic, but is increasing taking on the likeness of a totalitarian or aristocratic democracy. It appears even the social classes are eroding to be replaced with a caste that has traded religious authority for economic and political influence. Democracy, in its simplest terms, means driven by the rule of its peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Why I Write 2499 Words   |  10 Pagesincorporating these very experiences and beliefs into 1984 along with relating the novel to the political happenings of the time, Orwell creates interconnected themes and symbols to make a statement about society as a warning for the future of Totalitarian Regimes. The construct of class distinctions in 1984 is the thematic element into which Orwell most obviously injects his personal insight. Though born of a distinguished upper-middle class family, Orwell had an unusually eclectic understanding

Accounting Information System Conversion Methods

Question: Describe about the Accounting Information System Conversion Methods? Answer: Introduction: When there is a work for organization which is small then in a month there are very few transactions happened which are basic invoices, deposits and withdrawals just for examplethe request like Excel of Microsoft will not be sufficient. Fact be told, Excel is hazardous as a tool of accounting, as there will be no built-in defend to remain us from removing the transaction or by accident duplicating the line in the report. Formerly weve determined we require a system of accounting, its time to evaluate the planned conversion arrangement choices. There will be couples of method to eliminate old system and execute system which is new without impacting present activities of financial. Few of them are listed below: 1. Execute the System which is New Parallel to Old Executing parallel knows that we maintain to use the system which is old whereas using the system which is new at same time. These permit to educate employees on system which is new and to secure any issues with program which is new. The major drawbacks to this method is that information can have to be come into into every system independently, particularly if it is essential to create alter to the arrangement of the databases, like switching from the account number of three-digit to the account number of four-digit. 2. Stage in System which is New We might choose to execute the adaptation in stages. Just for example, we might exchange the department of payable accounts to first. After which we will be pleased that system which is new is operational properly, we might then exchange inventory, receivable accounts and common ledger which will function regularly. The main disadvantages to staging in system which is new is the final translation which might take some more time, and we will probably require to execute the modules which are selected or locations which are parallel at that time. 3. Utilize One Site as the Pilot Site If we have additional one location, we might decide the site to proceed as the location which is pilot. Just for example, we location of pilot might require 3 decimal places in the module of accounting cost, but an additional location might require 5. 1 location might be capable to acquire by product classes which are 12, but an additional one might require at least 20. 4. Changeover which is Direct We might be capable enough to download the files from the system which is old straight to new in what is known as changeover which is direct. After evaluating files to ensure that they will relocate properly, we stop getting the system which is old and all the employees start getting the system which is new. This technique naturally works greatest if there is a change which is negligible, such the exchange to the programs that is almost indistinguishable but permit to acquire the numeral of a license which we require or that insert the module which is new, like the function of perpetual inventory. The Method: Run System which is New Parallel to Old This is an admired technique this is because it is comparatively at low risk. The thought is to execute the system which is old beside the system which is new for whilst. With this method, the outcomes or performance of every system can be evaluated to ensure that the system which is new is presenting as predictable. If the issue is serious isestablish, then the firm can just bear on using the system with the existing one unless the fix has put at place. Process The adoption process which is parallel cannot be representing lacking paying concentration to the steps previous to the definite exchange, specifically the building of the adaptation situation and the classification and testing of all the necessities. The actions are separated in 4 main stages: Describe strategy of execution, which contracts with the sort of execution of approach should be implemented. The Pre-implementation, which will be done with building the preparation of all features and necessities occupied in the execution. At this stage we will pursue on steps below: Describe strategy of execution Generate execution of master script Build planning of Time Describe requirements of Organizational Describe requirements of IT Organize organizationThe firm should be organized correctly as per the last stage. Conversioncontracts with the definite conversion procedure and will closing the adaptation procedure; happening with system which is new. Activity Explanation Create catch ups The edition process is occurrence, a amount of actions execute parallel. At this phase, catch ups are organism made which is using system which is old. Control the system The scheme is being prohibited all times by control system. Execute important system which is old The system which is old is important; dealing out the real data. Execute system which is new The system which is new is executing in parallel with system which is old and is intimately observed. Interpret catch ups in system which is new If criterions are met, catch ups are interpreted and move in system which is new and the adaptation procedure appears in next phase. Perform strategy of rollback / workaround If criterions are not met, the approach of workaround or approach of rollback is executed, depending on character of errors. Create catch ups Catch ups will be completed for security reasons, still when the system is new is important. Execute system which is old The system which is old executes as the backup, for security reasons Run leading new system The new system is leading and in full operation. Below are the benefits... If something will go wrong with system which is new, then system which is old will proceed as back-up. The outcomes from systems which are new and old can be evaluated to confirm if the system which is new is executing properly. Below are its some drawbacks... Entering information into 2 systems, and executing 2 systems jointly, takes lot of additional effort and time. Conclusion: With the equivalent changeover the form executes both systems which is either new and old in equivalent for the time. Once the firm is certain that system which is new is running correctly and the staff is prepared to start using it thus will create the result to entirely modify over. At the calm period, possibly at night or at weekend, the information is completely transferred from system which is old which is then shut down. References: Jeffrey Joyner, 2012, Accounting Information System Conversion Methods, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/accounting-information-system-conversion-methods-34569.html Rob Callahan, 2013, Two Disadvantages of Parallel Conversion, https://www.ehow.com/info_12014696_two-disadvantages-parallel-conversion.html Marshall, 2003, Accounting Information systems, 9th edition Corr S., 2014, Types of AIS Conversions Efrem, 2010, Information System Conversion, https://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/38190/ James, 2012, Accounting Information system Gary ShellyThomas ChasmanHarry Rosenblatt, 2006, Systems Analysis and Design ACE project, 2010, Advantages of Parallel Systems

Teen Years free essay sample

The teen years are a troublesome time for both teenagers and parents. These years are filled with worry and fear, mostly fear of the unknown. Parents are afraid of losing control over their children and teenagers are trying to find their own way in in life and concerned about what their future is going to be. Parents can ease the way of their child into maturity if they go back in their own minds to the time when they were adolescents and remember the struggles they had and then try to adjust their thinking to the world that has changed since then. Three things that I think parents should work on are: let their children be their own individuals, give them what they ask for, and not keep track of every move their child makes. Parents shouldn’t try to chisel their child into what they think they should be. Instead, they should allow their child to discover their own identity, individuality, and style. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If parents don’t allow their child to discover their own identity, you will see your kids become an exact reflection of yourselves and has no views or thoughts of their own. Let’s say a parent only allow to play football but their true love is actually cross country, by not letting their child play the sport they love they are turning their child into the exact replica of themselves. One of the keys of your teenager’s happiness is to get them whatever they ask for. The person who came up with the idea that spoiling your children is a bad thingwell, they were greatly mistaken. If you want to be a â€Å"cool† parent, or if you want your children to like you, get them what they ask for. If you keep giving your children anything they want, they will be running back for more showing their thankfulness. If your daughter absolutely needs that eighty dollars for the adorable dress that she saw at the mall the other day, or your son needs five hundred dollars for the gaming system he wants, giving these large sums of money to your children will make them happy, and it will also teach them to be individuals. Spoiling your kids will definitely teach them about the importance of the things they have so that when they become adults, they will make their own living and be a good role model for their own children. Another very important lesson of good parenting is making sure you are not keeping track of everything that is going on in your child’s life. Before allowing your kids to go out, don’t irritate them by asking 10,000 questions. You need to avoid the questions such as â€Å"Where are you going? What are you doing? Who are you going with? What time will you be home? † By not asking lots of questions, you will help build trust between you and your child. If your child says he wants to go hang out with his or her friends the parents should not ask their child who they are hanging out with, where they are going and what they are going to do. By doing this it helps the child build trust with the parent. Always remember the three most important things when parenting your children. Let them be their own individuals, give them what they ask for, and do not keep track of every move your child makes. If you follow the advice I have given you, you will have a better relationship with your teenage child and will avoid some of the pitfalls that other parents fall into. You will find that there is less tension between you and your child and your home will be far more peaceful and tranquil.

Mobile Phone and Technology free essay sample

In our daily lives, technology is being improved and developed every day, and has changed our society tremendously. Due to technology improvement, we are provided with several information that we are curious about. Devices such as a GPS, cell phones, computers, and even a calculator makes our lives easier. Communication is one advantage of technology in our society. Technological advances have saved our lives and have benefited our society. It has brought distant places closer and has made our world a smaller place to live in. Technology has changed our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Every day, a new device is being released or introduced to us. When we think of technology, we think of computers and electronic devices. The truth is, technology can be almost anything. For example, the wheel is an example of technology and was one of the first few technology first invented. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The wheel was invented and first discovered by Mesopotamians. Nowadays, we have wheels on our cars, bicycles, chairs, etc. it has made our lives easier to move around. Another example of a technology that has been developed in modern day society is the first computer. In 1837 Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. Today, the computer is used worldwide and is being developed up till today. The computer has been improved an developed into a thin working machine and it provides us with several information. Companies that build these types of technologies want to make them better and more efficient and they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and faster. Everyone around the world, in terms of communication technology, uses any type of device to communicate. One of the most important effect and change of technology is communication. An endless number of people all over the world use and benefit from modern technology Computers were developed to attain the capability of being portable and integrate communication at the same time. Later on, laptops were invented. Instead of having to sit at a desktop, you can carry a laptop around with you, and get access to it through Wi-Fi. In terms of social media, many individuals use several sites to communicate with each other, such as, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Instagram, Gmail, etc. This had helped many people in such way as communicating with a relative or a loved around any part of the world, or finding the one for them. As a result of the internet and social media, it can be extremely beneficial. For instance, say a student is absent from class, and he/she is missing homework; he/she can simply ask a classmate through an email or any social media or their teacher through the computer or phone. Without the use of communication through phones, computers, and laptops, the outcome would lead to many unsolved problems and unknown solutions. We wouldn’t get business done. The evolution of technology has dramatically changed society. Medical technology, referring to equipment such as MRI and CT Scanners, mammograms, etc. , has improved the human life. Medical technology has extended our life expectancy. Doctors and nurses use medical equipment to search the patient’s body, to establish and examine what has happened to them. Examining the problem of the patient, through the outcome of the result of the scans or tests, the doctor or physician can determine what kind of treatment to provide the patient to cure them. From treatments to removing a tumor, giving vaccines, identifying a type of medication is all due to technology. This has made an impact in everyone’s lives. For instance, for those who suffer from diabetes now have access to very accurate blood glucose monitoring technologies. This means that they can monitor on a daily basis and control their condition much more effectively reducing the risk of suffering the common signs of diabetes, such as blindness and nerve damage. Technology in the medical field has allowed the ability for individuals with any type of illness, to have productive lives. Technology has made an incredible impression on education. Everything from smart boards to smart phones has transformed education from students and instructors perspectives. These tools have enhanced communication, research, literacy, etc. They impact the way students learn. As students continue to rely upon technology, they will master these tools and how they work, increasing their ability on education. In addition, if a student is home schooled or needs tutoring, an excellent way to approach this, is through the internet. The students can get tutoring online from teachers. Another way technology has made an astounding influence on education is doing research. A student might have to do a report or an essay on a topic he/she has never heard about nor has little knowledge about; they can basically go online and do research on that topic. The internet will provide you with countless information. In addition, with computers teachers can monitor a student’s progress or give them more individual help they need. Nowadays, students don’t need to carry around an enormous heavy book around. All they need is a laptop or a portable device. They can find all the books they need for their classes, instead of having to have several books stacked up on each other. It saves you less money and weight. In terms of education, technology has been proven to help students reach their goals and become successful in achieving their goals. Technological advances can be a significant part of life and can makes our lives unproblematic. However, some individuals might not think the same way and might not agree to this statement. Social networking can cause many problems. There have been many reports on cyber bullying and it has led to several deaths. For example, a female can be talking to a male online, and she might think he’s generous, and she might want to meet him somewhere. As a result of this case, she could possibly get raped, abducted, or killed. The main point is that people can imitate or make a fake profile of themselves and place someone else’s picture online and the other person wouldn’t know who it really is. Many parents fear when their child is online talking to someone because they think of the other related stories that have happened to other individuals. Otherwise, a safe solution is to simply not talk to anyone online or make sure it is the person that you are really talking to. You can do this by trying to video chat with them, but never try to meet up with them. The key is to be careful and take caution of who you are talking to. Technology has simplified the access to many necessary tools people need in education, industry, medicine, communication, transportation, etc. In my perspective, technology is a great thing in life. It has helped me in plenty of ways. Due to medication, when having the flu, and taking the antibiotics, it makes me feel better and healthier. You can also get the vaccine to prevent the sickness from happening. Furthermore, communication also has benefited me. I communicate with family members that I have from other countries, such as Guyana. Having a computer , laptop, or cell phone, helps you communicate with anyone around the world and assists you in keeping updated with them. Watching the news every morning on the television, keeps me and others updated with events that are occurring around us, including updates about the weather so you k now what to wear before you step out the house. Besides communication, doing homework and research in relation to education, the internet helps out with a great number of solutions to problems and information. It benefits me in getting things finished more rapidly and I learn more from the devices I use, making me more advanced in my education. Technology has helped me throughout my daily life. Technology is being improved and developed every day, and has changed our society tremendously. Tremendous opportunities it provides play a significant role in almost all fields of human life. The devices that we use today, that were used in the past (about 20 or more years ago) are still being improved in several ways such as a computer, and most importantly, cellular phones. Today, we have phones and laptops that are much smaller, thinner, and faster. Communication is the number one beneficiary in our society and has helped us get to know each other way better and made our world a smaller place to live in. Medicine has made everyone’s life expectancy longer. Years ago, the life expectancy would be approximately 30-50 years of age. Nowadays, people live from 60 to almost 90-100 years of age. Moreover, technology has promoted and assisted many students in education in terms of getting the right information and gaining more knowledge of what they want to learn. Technologys purpose is to make tasks simpler for humans to perform. In 2013, we need technology to help us make a solution to our problems and it has definitely made our daily lives a lot more modest and straightforward.

Mac And PC Essays - Personal Computers, IMac, Mac OS, Macintosh

Mac And PC Essays - Personal Computers, IMac, Mac OS, Macintosh Mac and PC Due to the competition between Mac and PC, inventions of computers has been more rapid than at any other period of time. Microsoft?s Windows has monopolized the entire personal computer industry with their operating system and that goes same for the Mac OS 8.5. Since Mac couldn?t attract customers to buy their computer systems through their optimum operating system they just put out another computer named iMac to help improve their sales performance in the computer industry. ?Let's state the obvious: the iMac looks incredibly cool, is mindlessly easy to set up, and at $1,299 doesn't cost an arm and leg. But what's not obvious about Apple's futuristic design is that it leaves the past behind,? said my friend Illysa. You get no floppy drive, no parallel port, no serial port, and no internal card slots (older types of connections used to connect external peripherals). What you do get is a built-in K56flex modem, two USB (universal serial bus) ports, a 10/100BaseT network connection, and an infrared port. A universal serial bus is a new input connection that is trying to get rid off all the other older connections. A 10/100BaseT network connection is a type of modem capable of downloading up to 100 times faster then a regular modem. So for all the hype about the iMac being the next big thing for home PC users, people are left wondering how in the heck is someone going to print a page or swap a file with another computer. You'll have to take your files to the Net, or else build a home-based network to share data with other Macs and PCsunless you have a PowerBook, since most models can interact with the iMac via its infrared port. As for peripherals, such as printers, it's USB or nothing, which keeps your options to a minimum, although there will probably be adapters for certain traditional peripheral devices soon. And since there are no internal slots, you can forget about adding anything like a video capture card or an internal ISDN modem. Apple isn't kidding when it pronounces its mantra (slogan), "Think different." On the upside, the all-in-one iMac can design grab most of the customers attention, drawing curiosity seekers from all over world who wanted to see somethinganythingdifferent than a beige tower or desktop box. The smooth, triangular shape and translucent, aqua-colored top made everyone say oohs and aahs, while the simplicity of the iMac's built-in 15-inch display (13.8-inch viewable area) and carrying handle drew fond memories of the old Mac SE and Classic boxes. The included hockey puck-like mouse also demands a double-take. However, you'll need time to get accustomed to using it because of the new operating system and the mouse. Everyone is impressed with Apple's flawless setup. Novices can consult the fold-out card illustrating the six steps to get up and running (put on desk; plug in power, keyboard, mouse, and modem; and turn it on). If only setup for all PCs could be this easy. On the other hand, the iMac boasts a G3 pedigree, but it's the runt of an award-winning performance litter. Although the iMac runs with a PowerPC 750 233-MHz CPU (computer processing unit), 512K of secondary cache, and 32MB of SDRAM, it finished behind all other G3 desktops and PowerBooks, and it was even slower than the discontinued 604e-based 9600/350 Power Macintosh (slowest Macintosh every built). One culprit is the iMac's 4GB IDE Quantum Fireball SE hard drive, which spins at 5,400 revolutions per minute and contributes to the sluggish results. The built-in speakers deliver somewhat tinny sound akin to an old AM transistor radio. To get the maximum sound level, an owner has to set two different volume levels in the software. Unfortunately, Apple doesn't provide an external thumbwheel for volume. Someone might experience uncommon twitches with the display settings, as well: to get usable brightness and contrast levels, to get the best results both sliders has to be pushed to the maximum. When the sliders are in the middle settings, the screen was somewhat dark. Is the iMac attractive? Looks-wise, without question. Is it a good machine? That depends on what you need. If you want an affordable, somewhat slow, space-conscious Internet and network

Trade Policy, Firm Behavior, and Economic Development in Vietnam Case Study

Trade Policy, Firm Behavior, and Economic Development in Vietnam - Case Study Example The key determinant of Vietnam’s trade policy is the 1986 Doi Moi Renovation Policy, which sought to shift the country from the left to a middle position in terms of economic and governance policy system. Under Doi Moi, the government has two positions; the first is to transform the economy from a centrally planned one to a free market economy and the second is to promote export oriented industries (Auffret 2). The transformation of the nation’s economy was done by the devalution of the currency, breaking state-owned monopolies, privatization and the development of trade policy instruments like tariffs, quotas and licensing. The nation also has mechanisms that seek to support export oriented industries like manufacturing industies. The nation has pegged its currency, the Dong to world market prices and it is fixed by the forces of demand and supply. Due to this, prices of goods and services are standardized. This makes it propitious for the elements of the market economy to function effecitvely and efficiently. Vietnam has a trade policy that supports the establisment of private sector companies. This is done through an incentive structure that utilizes tax discrimination to support some private ventures particularly export-oriented manufacturers (Athukoralan). With strengthened structures within the country, Vietnam seeks to expand its influence into other nations around the globe through multilateral and bilateral trade arrangements with other countries. These policies are meant to create a conducive atmosphere for international trade and also create an unending trend of demand for Vietnamese goods around the globe. Vietnam is a member of ASEAN which gives it economic links with its neigbhbors and causes it to follow the collective actions of these nations to protect national interests. It is also a member of the World Trade Organization which in turn

The Use of Nuclear Power Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Use of Nuclear Power - Assignment Example In recent times, various developments have been realized in not only the adoption of nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels but also in related nuclear reactor technology, which has also contributed to the debate. Social implications are obvious and have also been discussed in the current literature. This is a literature review that is focused on the discussion of the adoption of nuclear energy in the world, the recent developments in nuclear reactor technology, and social implications of this type of energy. The 1930s saw the beginning of a long journey to the production of nuclear energy when the understanding of the atom was propagated by Curies, Ernest Rutherford, and Bohr. Prior to the Second World War, there emerged a large incentive and funding, which precipitated the popular Manhattan project. This is the same project that saw the materialization of the first nuclear reaction to be controlled by the man in 1942, which took place at the University of Chicago (Mahaffey, 2010). The development of nuclear reactors was inspired by this historical breakthrough, which saw further efforts directed towards more funding in an effort to advance the creation of advanced reactor technology as well as the developments of the fuel cycle and nuclear material. This development saw the installation of the first nuclear power plant in the United States, which was established in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, the operations of which kicked off in 1957 (Mahaffey, 2010). A major issue that occurred at the plant resulted in its complete closure and decommissioning in 1982, which involved vehement contaminations and extremely low thermal efficiency compared to the energy it was producing – thermal efficiency was 29 percent. The original reactors were Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), which functioned by keeping liquid water around the core fuel reactor.This literature review has been focused on the development of a basic understanding of nuclear power and how it has developed since its discovery in the 1930s. Recent developments have various social, economic, and environmental implications. An important dimension that this review has taken to account is that do design, which has been used and will be continued to be used in future in dealing with social, economic, and environmental problems related with nuclear energy. In this regard, the problems mentioned, for instance, in the Fukushima Daiichi case, can be avoided in the design phase. Â  

Class, Democracy and Resistance In Contemporary Thailand. What is the Dissertation

Class, Democracy and Resistance In Contemporary Thailand. What is the red shirt yellow shirt conflict about - Dissertation Example It then proceeds to explore why, if the Red Shirts are indeed representative of those who have been oppressed by an elite urban-centric Thailand, support is being given to a leader like Thaksin Shinawatra who, by all showing, is a rent-seeking and corrupt politician. It uses class and resistance as lens by which the red shirt and yellow shirt phenomenon may be understood and seeks to unravel tha complex dynamics that underlie Thai-style contemporary politics. II. Introduction The image is a searing one, and has captured the attention of a global audience. Outside Siam paragon, one of Bangkok’s gleaming edifices, a man stands with his fist clenched. He has the weatherbeaten face of a rural farmer from northern Thailand and he is in a red shirt. The picture captures the audience because of the juxtaposition it presents: the two faces of one country. On the one hand, as represented by the posh mall that is the Siam Paragon, it is a modern and bustling economy, well on its way to Capitalist-style development. On the other hand, it is a simmering hotbed of discontent, with rural labourers coming to the center so that their voices may finally be heard. This contradiction lies at the very heart of the Red Shirt and Yellow Shirt conflict in Thailand. This paper aims to discuss the political conflict in Thailand between the Red Shirts and the Yellow Shirts in Thailand, a conflict that has led to many dramatic scenes being played out before the international media but whose underlying themes and issues remain hidden from the Western spectator. There is much myth-making that has helped both sides along: with one side demonizing the other and glorifying its own, and people seeing only what they choose to see. The conflict illustrates the complexity of Thai politics, and the stark class injustices and inequality that have attended the so-called Land of the Free. On the one hand, there is a group who has long been a victim of historical injustices and seeks to be hear d by the center and it does so by supporting a strongman whose political career has been riddled by charges of corruption and misfeasance in public office (see: Chaturon, 2009). On the other hand, is a group affiliated with the â€Å"People’s Alliance for Democracy† (PAD) who professes support for the King and who levels on Thaksin the charge of not being respectful enough to the Thai Monarch, but who represent the elite and middle class in Thai society and to the lower classes in rural Thailand (Chaturon, 2009), partially responsible for the gaping inequalities in the political economy of Thailand by protecting the status quo from which they benefit. Andre Vltcheck (2010) puts it succinctly: Imagine that you are Thai and poor, as most people in this country still are. Imagine that you are aware of your social position, as most poor Thais are, and that you are educated and understand the complexities and hidden meanings of political life of your country, which most Tha is do not. You have basically two alternatives if suicide or emigration is not the option: to support the outrageously elitist aristocracy and the army (many of whose members now paint themselves

The five outcomes of every child matters

The five outcomes of every child matters Within this resource pack, I aim to guide practitioners and parents to implement the five outcomes of every child matters for children age four and five years in their care. I will begin by given the historical background of Every Child Matters and Policies and Legislative material in order to outline the definitions of social justice and inclusion. Also, I will discuss the significance and possible barriers of inclusion. Portions of the resource pack will reflect critically on Every Child Matters agenda which led to the enactment of The Children Act 2004 linking it to the five outcomes. In 2003, the government initiated Every Child Matters which was launched in the United Kingdom followed by the death of Victoria Climbie. It was a significant plan of the government to change and improve the lives of children and childrens services. The idea of the plan was to safeguard children; however it went beyond and expands the prospects available to young people from birth to 19 years. After the death of Victoria Climbie, there was a long meeting of all the various professionals working in children services. The outcome of the meeting underlined a lot of failure of the system, such as not being able to protect vulnerable children from purposeful harm. As the above has not being the only or a one off incident this was based on professionals not communicating with one another therefore Lord Laming suggested a structural reform which means different agencies working together (DfES, 2003). Following the consultation, the Government published Every Child Matters, the next steps which gave way to the Children Act 2004 which provided the legislative backbone for developing more useful and within reach services, focused around the needs of children, young people and families. The document carried 108 recommendations for fundamental changes. It aimed at supporting all children to have the support they need, no matter whatever their background or circumstances. This Act brought in a change for children. In 2005 a Childrens Commissioner for England was assigned to stand for the views of children. The Every Child Matters agenda was further developed in 2007 through the publication of the Childrens Plan. This plan was a ten year strategy ensuring that every child gets the best in life and helps parent into work as well as making an informed choices about child care and family life. Also it aims to improve childrens educations, health and eradicate poverty (DfES, 2004). Every Child Matters focuses on the well being of children and young people. It lays emphasis on better outcome for children, hence the five outcomes a guideline every practitioner should follow. Being Healthy requires that Early Years settings must show that practitioners are enabling children to be in an environment that let them to enjoy physical, mental and emotional health. All settings have the responsibility to make sure children learn how to achieve these things for themselves and live healthy lifestyles and understand the importance of being healthy (Knowles 2009:59), this has significance to Article (24) (27) of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) which recommends that all children should have right to health, clean water and environment, nutritious food, and have a good standard of living that meets moral and social needs (Bruce and Meggitt 2007). One will include that children should be supported through various measure, ensuring that they are mentally and emotionally healthy, practitioners must promote, encourage and set good example through the curriculums and its policies and practice as well as attracting children in physical activity in order to educate them on how to wash their hands and what to eat and drink. Also families should be provided with other health-care support needed which represents the good multi agency practice already in place at Children Centres (DfES, 2004c). (Practitioners should refer to appendix A for illustration of promoting a healthy environment for children). The next key outcome is Staying Safe which enables children to be safe from maltreatment, neglect, violence and harm. Practitioners should ensure that there is policies and procedure in place that clearly demonstrate an ethos of zero tolerance to bullying. Children should be protected from maltreatment, ensuring that providers and all relevant staff are appropriately trained in order to contribute to their safe from any harm. This is in relation to UNCRC article (9) (19) which states that all children should be protected from violence, abuse and neglect and Government should protect them (Meggitt and Bruce 2007) One could argue that providing a safe and secure environment will enable the children to achieve their full potential. (Practitioners should refer to Appendix B for the illustration of keeping safe). Enjoying and achieving is the third most crucial outcome which stresses that children of all potentials are to be helped to achieve personal and social development with particular focus on those with special and additional needs and also to those in disadvantage and isolated areas (Bruce and Meggit 2007). Practitioners in early years settings should make available for all children to achieve their full potential despite their educational needs. Also pupils should be provided with an environment regardless of any physical disability so that they can access the social and educational aspects of school. Furthermore practitioners should promote and support inclusive learning, gender, culture, social and emotional desires. Lastly children with special education needs (SEN) should be encouraged by practitioners to experience equal opportunities to achieve and attain their ultimate goal (Knowles 2009) This is eminent of the UNCRC, article (28) (29) stresses that all children have the right to an education and the purpose of education is to develop every childs personality, talents and mental physical abilities. (Practitioners should refer to appendix C for illustration of the above). One could agree that taken education to some extend will teach children to respect individuals, their own and other culture and also prepare children to live responsibly and peacefully in a free society. Within the policy document, the section on enjoying and achieving cited in (DfES 2003:para1.8) meaning that out of the five outcomes this does give a highlight on leisure time whilst the rest is mainly about educational attainment. Children imagine Enjoying as playing yet within this document it seems to be more emphasising on education. Enjoying appears to be one of the most vital outcomes requested by children. If children are seen as the citizens of the present why not pay particular attention to them. It is important to respect their views (William 2004:412 cited in Hendricks: 2008). In additional to this, making a positive contribution to childrens life is most important this include taking part in decision making and supporting the community, being law abiding, developing positive relationships with others being, self confident and able to deal with challenges and enterprise behaviour (Bruce and Meggitt 2007). In essence practitioners should encourage children to partake in planning and development of activities. This correspond to article (12) of the UNCRC which requires that the views of children must be sought after and given due weight in all matters affecting them. Lastly, achieving economic well-being helps children to conquer income barriers and achieve their full potential (Bruce and Meggitt 2007). Consequently, practitioners should make sure that children are given the best start in life. Evidently, educational attainment is the most effective route out of poverty. Within article (24) of the UNCRC achieving economic well-being the standard of living for children should meet their physical, mental, spiritual moral and social needs (DfES 2004). (Practitioners should refer to appendix E) The reason for writing this resources pack is to guide and support early years practitioners, parents and carers to implement the five outcomes of every child matters in the settings. Although Every Child Matters agenda outcomes seeks to promote the well being of all children which is underpinned by social justice and inclusion, practitioner still needs some ground rules to follow. Social justice is a theme in the United Nations and the European agenda for young children (Jones et al 2008:106). In Britain social justice is a belief that is currently in used to support public policies and practices with a view of making sure that all have equivalent chance to achieve the necessary goods and provisions they need to thrive and achieve well. This idea of fairness is embedded in the concept of social justice (Knowles 2009). Many young people as citizens take their rights and responsibilities seriously as it is necessary to keep hold of the belief in freedom and rights. Undesirably, some o f the policies linked to social welfare are challenge by beliefs of rights and justice (Jones et al 2008). In an ideal and fair society all children and families should have an equal chance of achieving well being yet the society we live in is homogenous entity. This encompasses of huge number of smaller groups between which is unequal distribution of power and access to goods and as part of the unequal power distribution some groups will knowingly and unknowingly discriminate against others. In this way some are prevented from being able to achieve well-being (Knowles, 2009:5). The achievement gap between boys and girls is smaller than that between working class children and middle class children. The focus on underachieving boys hide the fact that boys who come from the different class background and that some middle class boys gain well and some working girls do not. Practitioners should promote a healthy environment for all the children in their care. (Practitioners should refer to appendix A), practitioners should engaged and also supervised the children when they are washing their hands. A child needs water to stay healthy therefore practitioners should make water fountain accessible. Being healthy is in line with Emotional Healthy and Well-being, (2008 cited in Knowles 2009:60) which states that promoting positive health and well being of children helps them to understand and express their feelings as well as building confidence. In other words practitioners should listen and respect children views. According to Rinaldi 2001 (cited in Abbott, 1999), listening means being open to differences and recognising the value of different points of view and the interpretation of others. Children should be allowed to play and rest anytime they want to. As I have mention earlier practitioners should promote a safer environment for the children. Practitioners should support learning with symbolizing materials for children who are not able to read text. This helps them to understand what is required in different situation. According to Piaget (cited in Penn 2008 :42) It is the teachers job to provide a well resourced classroom, where children could have lots of opportunities to learn for themselves how things worked, with guidance and suggested from the teachers. Every child has the right to enjoy and achieve, practitioners should make play a high lead as this is central form of learning. Children should have the opportunity to play for thirty minutes this must involve children with special needs. Also, both boys and girls need to be allowed to experiment wider range of play. For example if a boy wants to ride a pink bicycle he should be permitted to do so. According to Vygotsky (cited in Penn 2008 :43) play is a mental kind of support system which allows children to represent their everyday social reality and therefore enables them to think and act in more complex ways to invent their own rules and narratives. In regards to achieving economic well being practitioners must make sure that neutral advice and quality information are available to children and their families in order to make a thriving move to further learning. In addition to this Practitioners should ensure that children are provided with access to different facilities and safe spaces where they can meet and engage in positive activities. For example play grounds with various facilities. At the centre of all these lies inclusion, this has been one of the vital problems in the early years framework. Social Inclusion is a focal point within the early years education and care policy documents. The Government has stomp inclusion as the Keystone to good practice (DfEE 1998:8). It is the process by which early years settings develop their ethos, policies, and practices to include all learners with the aim of meeting their individual needs. Historically, inclusion has been seen as a process that is relevant to those groups who have been marginalised, but now it is about all children, and it is closely linked to the Governments personalised learning agenda that lie at the heart of the EYFS. Practitioners should deliver personalised learning development and care to help children to get the best possible start in life (DfES, 2007a, paragraph 1.7). One would argue that social Inclusion denotes that all children are involved in appropriate activities making sure that they will not feel isolated or excluded from taking part in any learning performances for whatever reason. This link up with what Roffey (2001) proposes that inclusion does not only take charge of a few children but all. She went on to say that one of the main achievement of the last twenty years legislation has been the increase focus on the desirability of inclusive practices rather than the segregation of children with special education needs which is backed by the 1994 Salamanca statement that pose the Government to agree to the principle of inclusive education and make it a policy (www.unesco.com). Children who find it hard to communicate in class often feels excluded I believe that when practitioners introduce symbol cards in the settings it will help children who feels shy to talk in class and also, it will raise confidence among children and enable them to deal positively with life changes and challenges. Again it will stop practitioners wrongly labelling children as being slow. For example my little boy is very loud at home but very quite in school so when he was introduced to the symbols cards, at his nursery he began to involve in the classroom activities. Practitioners will send newsletters to the parents to inform them about family evenings. In the interest of the child, practitioners and parents should work together to see how best they can understand each other. Helen Penn (2008) noted that working together will not only help the child but also make the individuals understand each others professional rareness and work together this will not isolate the child. After the peer assessment group discussion, I went home to read over the comments my peers made about my resource pack. My peers noted both positive and negative comments therefore I decided to correct the negative ones. Within my resource pack, I explained the five outcomes of Every Child Matters but I had not planned for the activities so I started to gather information about the activities. I had written down my points which I have not yet linked to theory and practice and also had to expand on my points. I found it a bit difficult finding books for the assignment and there was no evidence of critical thinking in my resource pack. During the Christmas break I borrowed books from the university library so I started rewriting my whole work again. Moreover I had already written down notes of what I was going to write for the resource pack so I added some little information from the books I had borrowed. Although I had planned wanted to do, it was still not easy for me to do, as I did not know where to begin. However, the comments given by my peers really helped me to get started. An activity I had planned for the practitioners was for them to give the children in their care all the telephone numbers of people and organisation to contact when they feel unsafe. Later on I changed my mind, to make a poster which can be on the classroom walls so that children can always revisit when they need help. I had read children story book on what they should do when they are in trouble and I found it very good which I wanted to include in the main essay however I was advised by my colleague to put it in the appendix and then refer it in the main essay. Also, I had printed out some pictures which I was going to use for my activities but was told by the initial group not to use them. However, during the second group discussion in lectures, I joined another peer assessment group who were pleased with the pictures and I was told to use them. I found the peer assessment very helpful because I met different people and got various feedbacks regarding my course work. To conclude this, practitioners should ensure that the resource pack is followed as required, because it provides vital and timely contribution to the development of children between the ages of four and five. As laid out in the Every Child Matters agenda every child has the right to education irrespective of his or her background that is cultural, religion and gender or needs. Practitioners should develop a very good relationship with parent and carers this is very important on childrens achievement as well as leading them into adolescence and better adulthood. Part of healthy and successful education comes from home. Involving parents and the community will have a good impact in the setting. Similarly, it makes parents feel a part of the setting and their children education. Also, practitioners should recognise individual needs of each child and respond to them by organising extensive teaching strategies to help them. Conversely, practitioners should also create and work in multicu ltural settings which ought to demonstrate an understanding of the value of diversity and respect for difference.

Friends Make the Man Essay

The influence of friends is of massive importance in the novel Cry, the Beloved Country. Without his friends encouraging him, Absalom would most likely never have tried to rob Arthur Jarvis’ house, and he certainly would not have accidentally shot Arthur. Absalom said it himself when he told his father, â€Å"It was bad companions.† The reader is repeatedly reminded of this one condemning mistake: choosing bad friends results in dangerous activities. Another example of this message is the mother of Absalom’s child. Growing up, her family was practically nonexistent and it can be assumed that she didn’t have great friends to support and strengthen her. Instead, she always kept a man in her life and ended up the mother of a child out of wedlock with the father sentenced to death. If helpful family and friends had been available, her life would most likely have changed for the better. There are bad friends, nonexistent friends, but what about the good friends? These are the ones Kumalo kept. He made it clear what kind of friends he chose when he was speaking to Absalom, â€Å"You mean they were the kind of friends that a good man could choose, upright, hard-working, obeying the law?† Msimangu was exactly this kind of friend. Instead of just looking out for himself, he often put Kumalo’s well-being before his own. This man truly cared about others, a rare and wonderful quality. As if being there for Kumalo and helping him deal with Absalom’s incarceration in any way he could wasn’t enough, he gave Kumalo a large sum of money to replace all that was spent while trying to find and help Absalom. Msimangu was simply the epitome of a loving, caring, true friend. Of course, a friend doesn’t have to be a living, breathing, walking, talking person. Friendship can be found in something as simple as words written. Even after his death, Arthur Jarvis’ words reached out to comfort and impact his father—James Jarvis. Arthur’s words became a friend to his father to help James deal with his death and instigate a change in his view of the world. Those carefully chosen words eventually lead to James helping the people of Ixopo improve their lives. Other friendships that were formed and resulted in colossal changes are between Kumalo and James Jarvis as well as Kumalo and Arthur Jarvis’ son. The friendship between Kumalo and Arthur’s son was mainly responsible for the help that James sent. Kumalo and the boy were linked through the boy’s curiosity about the Zulu language, but because they spoke, the boy discovered the troubles of Ixopo and sought a way to resolve them. James and Kumalo’s friendship literally saved Kumalo’s livelihood. Without that connection, Kumalo would have been sent away from the only town he has known and loved. It would have destroyed him. He belonged in Ixopo and Ixopo belonged with him. Friends rightly make the man, whether for good or for bad. Kumalo’s friends made him more successful and lifted him up. Conversely, the mother of Absalom’s child was damaged by the lack of a strong base of good friends. Absalom, unfortunately, had his life decimated by his choice to trust the wrong friends. Friends can make the man kinder or meaner, wiser or more foolish. In Absalom’s case, friends made the man dead.

Culture of Madness Essay

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that enables individuals to engage in unruly behavior. It is a mental disorder that makes individuals deviate from social norms. In the years between 1920s and 1950s, schizophrenia was a general condition that was manifested by emotional disharmony and impacted negatively on the abilities of the white people with regard to thinking and feeling. Research article authors of psychiatric journals described schizophrenia patients as native-born-Americans of white European ancestry. Such patients were termed by psychiatric authors as harmless and instead needed psychotherapeutic care. In 1960s, schizophrenia was described as illness manifested by rage. Research articles asserted that it was a condition that afflicted the Negro men who were hostile and aggressive. These Negroes protested for their civil rights. The protests were organized by black power, black panthers, nation of Islam or other activist group. I disagree with the view that schizophrenia has got popular cultural expression. It is merely a mental disorder that is not influenced by either race or culture. According to Metzl in 1960s, schizophrenia patients were the Negro men, who were described as aggressive and hostile. In the real sense, the black Americans who were oppressed were not hostile neither did they act ragely. They raised their voices to be heard by Americans for a change of lifestyle, from oppression to freedom. In so doing, the black Americans were fighting for their rights as equal human beings since they wanted to be treated with equality. As discussed by Metzl, schizophrenia was associated with racism, thus biased. It was considered to be a disease of the black Americans since they expressed their feelings due to pressure exerted on them. They were out to fight for the state of affairs between the Americans and the Black Americans. Schizophrenia is feared in the current moment. Schizophrenia patients can act unruly in a given surrounding. These patients act to satisfy only their desires not considering the effect of their deeds on other people. They can behave in a way that interferes with other people’s daily life. For example, if the illness drives them to violent behavior, other people will leave what they were doing and deal with them first. Any activity that they engage in, they do it with all their strength and thus can be destructive and fierce. b) According to psychiatrists, schizophrenia is a biological mental illness expressed through defined symptoms like delusions whereby the patient thinks of invisibilities and acts according to his/her thoughts. It is also expressed through hallucinations where by the patient builds castles in the air and imagines that it is real life. The patients as well have disorganized speech whereby they mix issues which do not relate at all. They express catatonic behavior which is a disorganized behavior in a given environment, for instance relieving oneself in the open. Such symptoms are manifested in ways that are specific to the surrounding, assumptions and values of the schizophrenic individual. For instance, a schizophrenic individual can behave unruly in the midst of other people. He can violently attack a group of people for no good reason and cause alarm. This is because the patient is not able to control him/herself due to lack of mental coordination. He/she thus attracts attention of people who may be in the middle of serious events. A schizophrenic patient usually makes undesired assumptions particularly in a group of people. Whenever they see other people talk or laugh, they always think that they are being laughed at because of their condition. They can therefore attack them and end up harming them for no reason. Some usually assume that it’s their duty to perform any role anywhere. For example, some schizophrenic patients assume that it is their duty to clean every environment they are in. They therefore end up collecting wastes everywhere they go. Most schizophrenic patients think that a group of people behave in a certain manner to hurt them or because they want to go against their wishes intentionally. They are in a condition which cannot allow them to reason with the surrounding. They instead act negatively. For example, if a schizophrenic patient is always violent, the people around him and who knows his/her condition may decide to tie him or her with some ropes or lock the person in a house for some time. If he or she happens to see some people hold such ropes in another incident, he/she may try to get hold of the ropes as he/she thinks that he/she will still be tied up. On the contrary, this may not be case. As a matter of fact, the ropes might be for a different purpose. c) Symptoms of schizophrenia can be harmless if at all the assumptions; values and norms in the current setting are changed. This can only be achieved if there is freedom in all aspects of life of schizophrenic individuals. For instance, it can be assumed that, if one is talking to himself or herself, he or she is probably talking to the ancestors and should be allowed to do so. It can as well be assumed that if one behaves unruly, he/she is expressing some burning issues within him/herself. Therefore, with this kind of assumptions, nobody would criticize schizophrenic individuals and subsequently, they would have all the freedom they require to express themselves. Schizophrenia cannot cause any distress if the patients are given freedom of speech. For example, a schizophrenic person should not be shut down if he mixes ideas in a discussion. He should be understood the way he is and given time to express himself. In so doing, he will not feel neglected or weak in one way or another. Some may behave in a schizophrenic manner out of a bad experience they have had before. For example, one can become schizophrenic after a divorce or death of his/her partner. Within this context, such people need understanding and a shoulder to lean on so as to counteract the effects of what they are going through. Schizophrenic’s behavior should be termed normal in a surrounding so as not to cause distress. For example, some religions like Islam allow wife battery. Therefore when wife battery cases are encountered in a family with a schizophrenic husband, they are considered to be normal behavior. 2. Conceptual Tools Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1987). â€Å"The Notion of Witchcraft explains Unfortunate Events,† Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon Press. a) Constitution is in the making of man. It entails a set of laws or norms that are involved in structuring, creating and defining limits of power or authority possessed by government. A constitution is used to give states identify since all states that have got constitutions are referred to as constitutional states. In the context of phenomena, constitution is the process of using a category to create or come up with knowledge or perceptions about something. A description is very different from constitution in that whereas a description is the concerned with defining an item, constitution is creation of ideas, thoughts or shapes. Constitution is used to define the structuring or production process of anything. In the context of culture, the outcome of culture or that which is attributed to culture is considered as a product of the constitution process. On the other hand, definition of the meaning of culture and what it entails is termed as description. A distinction between constitution and description is realized in the description of witchcraft within the Zande community by Evans-Pritchard, 1987. The physiological state of a person that is linked to witchcraft is a mere description of the activity. On the other hand, a constitution is what will yield or be generated from witchcraft. Witchcraft from the wording itself is a mere description of some kind of psychic acts. However, constitution is what is synthesized from this act or from the notion itself. The reason why Evans-Pritchard has made this distinction is to show reality in the light of witchcraft within the Zande community. The Azande are so glued into linking everything with witchcraft; therefore, the writer tries to show distinction between reality and witchcraft by giving an elaborate distinction between description and constitution of categories. This way, he tries to change the notion of Azande from thinking that every mysterious thing that happens is due to witchcraft. In the context of reality and the internal knower, symbols and language are used to describe culture. The shift towards seeing categories as generative is seen through activities which are as a result of certain categories. A category is composed of certain elements with some common characteristics. It is the common characteristics that enable the categories to become active and achieve a certain goal. In the Zande community for example, witchcraft has been described as a psychic act. On the other hand, it has been solely associated with constituting unfortunate events among men. The objective description in this case is that witchcraft is associated with one’s physiological state. Evans-Pritchard believes that the physiological state used to describe witchcraft is nothing more than a passage of food through the small intestines. It is this objective definition of witchcraft that seems to be embedded in the shift of witchcraft from an objective description to a generative category. The generative nature of witchcraft is seen in its role to explain occurrence of unfortunate events as well as in regulating the conduct of people. b) The shift from describing to being generative lies in the fact that, description is the initial process used to come up with a category. Once a certain category of people or items is formed, they are used to generate and produce an intended outcome. Alternatively, they are linked to the generation of certain results. This way, the change in framework from descriptive to generative is enhanced. When this framework changes, explaining the history of a category shifts as well. This occurs in that, instead of giving the history of a category with respect to description, the generated outcome of the category is used to explain its history. In the Zande community, witchcraft is attributed to physiological factors. Consequently, it is associated with generating mysterious negative effects on man. However, with time, the association of categories such as witchcraft, with mysterious negativity derives a different meaning and there is need to shift the explanation. In the Zande community, witchcraft is considered to be generative in every aspect of the Azandes’ lives. Each and every mysterious occurrence in the lives of the Zande community is considered to be linked to witchcraft. Several claims are made with regard to witchcraft. For instance, among the Azandes, when blight attack groundnuts in the field, this is attributed to witchcraft. Also, if women tirelessly bail water from a pool and only manage to draw a few minuscule fish, witchcraft is said to be responsible for this mysterious occurrence. If a wife, contrary to other days, is unresponsive and gloomy, it is said that witchcraft is the cause. Evans-Pritchard has compared the occurrence of misfortunes in the Zande community to the occurrence of misfortunes among the African people. He has gone further to show that the Azande attribute witchcraft to a chain of causation for conditions which when looked at closely, relate a person to natural occurrences. Therefore, if the occurrence of events were to be understood in a more realistic manner, the explanation of generative categories would have to change. Evans-Pritchard has showed how this would be done. In all those circumstances where witchcraft was seen as the cause of misfortunes, it was during that particular moment that witchcraft was seen as the cause of the misfortune. This is perceived to mean that witchcraft is not solely responsible for every kind of bad luck. Therefore, the explanation would shift from a generalized understanding to a more specific one. Witchcraft, according to the people of Azande, is used to explain the occurrence of coincidence which causes harm to man. c) The shift from description to seeing categories as generative provides a way to think about rationality, irrationality or their interrelation. To examine this, the paper will look at the belief held by the people on what and who is associated with witchcraft. From a rationale point of view, this is just a timeless category without any basis or governing principle. The community of Zande can be termed as an irrational group because of the way they attribute witchcraft to occurrences which, a normal and ordinary person would attribute to natural calamity or mere coincidence. The Azande did not practice any rationality in as far as existence of phenomena is concerned. They do not believe in the existence of phenomena, much less mystical causation. They hold the view that witchcraft is the cause for that which happens mysteriously. The irrationality of the Azande is manifested by the fact that they cannot accept that things can occur through mere coincidence. They have used witchcraft to explain the occurrence of mysterious events. This is irrational of them as there are no facts to back up their ideology. The mere fact that witchcraft is a psychic act could also mean that it is attributed to some positive occurrences. However, this is not so as only the negative aspect of occurrences is linked to witchcraft. On the other hand, the Azande have applied some rationale in as far as why some things do happen. For example, the Azande are very much aware that termites eat up the support of a granary thus can fall or collapse at any moment. This is a show that the Azande think rationally. However, irrationality comes in when they relate witchcraft to the collapse of a granary in the presence of people. The Azande do apply rational thinking to explain occurrences but when a negative outcome is impacted on man, this is linked to witchcraft despite the fact that it may not necessarily be the case. This is the interrelation between rationality and irrationality within the category of witchcraft among the Azande.

Book Marketing How to Strategically Market to Increase Book Sales

Book Marketing How to Strategically Market to Increase Book Sales Book Marketing: How to Strategically Market to Increase Book Sales Just because you wrote a new book doesn’t mean that your book is guaranteed to sell.Harsh? Maybe. But its true. And here at Self-Publishing School, you first have to learn the truth before taking action.Even if your book is the next Great American Novel, it won’t be a success if it doesn’t get into the collective conscious of the public.This is why youneedgood book marketing tactics to back it up. Here are the book marketing strategies we cover:Social media marketing strategiesUse a launch team for book marketingPricing your book effectivelyBuild a website to market your bookGrow your email listInfluencer outreach for book promotionApply for BookBubLand interviews on podcastsReach book clubsWrite another bookBook Marketing for Self-Published AuthorsMarketing takes planning, organization, and consistent action; it’s hard work. But the good news is that marketing is also about fostering connections and relationships, which can be rewarding to you and your fa n base.And since you’re the one who knows your book from cover to cover, your backstory, your reasons for writing it, and who your ideal reader is, its your duty to put a plan in place to best connect with your intended audience and share your story.We know, we know†¦you’ve put a ton of effort into writing, editing, and getting your book ready for publication that the thought of adding another layer of â€Å"work† is not the most appealing idea.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about how to build a platform and maintain consistent book sales in our Sell More Books Program. Learn more about it hereBut realize that if you launch your book without a marketing plan, FAR fewer people will read it.It will hamper the success of the book you’re working on now, as well as others you plan on publishing in the future. So if you dream of becoming a New York Times bestselling author, or if you want your book to help you reach other lifesty le goals, a book marketing strategy is your essential key to success.And if you want a quicker, easier way of understanding whats in this blog post, check out your free training.Join Chandler Bolt at his FREE Webinar Training as he reveals the exact tactics and strategies he used to write and publish 6 bestselling books in a row and how he used them to build a 7-figure business in less than 2 years!Spots are limited!Click Here to Save Your SpotBook Marketing Strategies for Social MediaHaving a quick overview of exactly what you can do and how much time and effort each will take can help you better plan for your book marketing plan.Here are our recommended book marketing strategies and what you need for each.Book Marketing PlatformWhat to doTwitter- use appropriate hashtags - post relatable tweets to increase shares - engage by liking and replying to others - search common hashtags to find your audienceInstagram- use appropriate hashtags - post photos related to the content of your book - engage by liking and replying to others - ask questions in photos to increase engagement - search common hashtags to find your audienceFacebook- create a page for yourself or your book - post video content - go Live to answer questions or discuss your book - post blog posts supporting your topic/ideas/bookPinterest- create pins linking back to your website - repin content related to your genre - create appropriate boards for your content - optimize pins with keywords - join group boards - connect with others who pin similar ideasLinkedIn- great for business-related topics - share insights/stats - share blog posts supporting your ideas/topics - connect with leaders in your industryPersonal Website- create a website - maintain a blog with posts about your main topic - use this to create an email list - keep this updated regularlyFree Book Marketing PlanHaving seen and been involved in so many book launches ourselves, we know what works and what doesn’t when it comes to book marketing.We’ll walk you through a play-by-play of exactly what you need to do so that your readers can find your book and buy it.We’ve broken this guide down into three main sections for learning book marketing:Pre-Launch: Building Your Book Marketing Launch TeamPricing Your Book for Maximum SalesPost-Launch: 8 Strategies for Selling More BooksLets get started! Pre-Launch: Build Your Book Marketing Launch TeamThe first step of preparing for your book launch, and the marketing behind it, is to build your launch team or street team, as its also commonly referred to.What is a launch team?The ideal launch team, also known as a street team, is a dedicated, hand-selected group eager to make your launch successful. If you use your team’s talent and communicate well, there’s nothing your launch team can’t accomplish!This video does a great job of detailing what a launch team is and exactly what they do: #1 Launch Team SizeThe first step is to determ ine the projected size of your book marketing launch team basedon the size of your audience.Your audience is anyone interested in you, your book, and your product. They could be five of your lifelong friends, members of your community, big organizations you’re connected to, social media followers, email subscribers, anyone who might be interested in what you’re sharing.If you have a smaller following, we suggest you aim for a launch team of 10-50. Those with hundreds in their network can aim for 100-250 team members.How to Finda Launch TeamIf you don’t have much of a following right now, start by looking at your personal inner circle- your family, your close friends- then branch out to their connections, families, and colleagues.You can reach out to peers from college, your volunteer work, or even your first job. You may even consider parents at your child’s school, fellow dog owners, or members of your yoga class.Even though you may not know these peopl e well,they are a part of your network, and you may be pleasantly surprised to discover that they’re inspired by your book and would be eager to share it.Once you’ve completed this exercise, you should have an initial list of potential launch team members!#2 Recruit Quality People for Your Launch TeamNow that you’ve determined your potential recruitment pool, the second step is to initiate contact and gauge their interest level. The most important lesson to consider about your book marketing launch team is that  QUALITY trumps QUANTITY.One top-quality, dedicated team member trumps a handful of mediocre ones.To begin recruitment for your launch team, create a simple questionnaire process that describes your book, your expectations of the team, and questions asking:Why are you interested in supporting my book?What part of my book speaks to you?What specialized skills can you contribute?What’s your available time commitment?Who are influential people you can reach out to?Why would these influential people be interested?To sweeten the recruitment deal, feel free to offer a free signed copy of your book or an inclusion in the â€Å"acknowledgments† section. You can easily do this through email, or through online forms like Typeform.#3 Record a Welcome VideoTake the time to record a warm welcome video for your new supporters! In your video, first, congratulate your team for being selected and express gratitude for their help.Then, detail your expectations, your unique mission for writing your book, and why you want to share it with as many people as you can!This welcome video will help you create a more personal connection with your book launch team, and show them a bit more about why you’re creating it and what message you’re trying to convey.Be sure to send it to everyone who completes your questionnaire!#4 Establish a Communication StyleHere’s the secret to a successful book marketing launch team: Effec tive communication. Communicate with your team regularly to keep them focused on weekly tasks, progress, and innovative ideas by doing the following:Strive to send one email per week preceding launch then increase it to three or more during launch week.Use a Facebook group to engage, share ideas, and post feedback. Set the tone by posting â€Å"Dos and Donts† to keep conversations focused and positive.Boost morale and build rapport by sharing inspiring quotes, gifts, and goofy photos to keep energy high and build vital connections.No matter which mode of communication you’re using, remember people like to be treated well.Always make sure your team knows how grateful you are to them and their dedication!#5 Book Marketing Launch Team AssignmentsYou can’t just build up a catalog of supporters and not use them, though. You have to give them small assignments to help you with launching and the book marketing process in general.It might feel weird telling people to h elp you, but don’t worry about it!They’re here because they want to support your project, and as long as you’re gracious and ask nicely, they’ll be happy to support your work.Facebook Groups will be the most effective way to dole out weekly team assignments.Here are some book marketing initiatives you can assign your team to do: Share snippets of content from your book across social mediaSubmit reviews on AmazonAdd their reviews to GoodreadsShare a book review on their YouTube channelRecord a testimonial for your bookBuy extra copies to give to their friendsGive you more marketing ideas!#6 Utilize TalentsYour team members will have a different variety of skills and talents, and it’s your job to effectively manage your team by assigning work based on their strengths.To identify your team’s talents, write a post during the introductory week and say the following:â€Å"If you have any special talents or connections you’d like to lend t owards my book launch, please comment on this post and let me know. I’m looking for ways to help spread my book’s message to a wider audience.†#7 Have Fun and Say â€Å"Thank You!†Your launch team will commit weeks of their time, energy, and talent, so make sure you thank each and every person for their contribution!Ensure that each person on your team feels valued and appreciated for their efforts.And most importantly, let them know how to get your book for free (or at least at a deep discount)!Which brings us to†¦How to Price Your BookOne of the most important factors in how successful your book launch is will be how you price it.To find out how to price your book for success, we recommend reading Book Launch.But for the sake of this article, here are some of Self-Publishing School’sbiggest secrets that will get your book to soar up the Amazon’s charts:If you have a sizable audience, we recommend launching your book for $0.99, and the n increasing the price to $2.99 or higher after about a week.For first-time authors, we recommendAmazon’s Free Book Promotionsfor your book launch.Although you won’t get paid by putting your book out for free,realize that it will be featured on another author’s page which instantaneously increases your exposure and recognition. Once the freepromotion has ended, switch your book’s price to $0.99 for the following week, then slowly increase the price by $1 per week until sales stagnate.Post-Launch: 8 Book Marketing Strategies for Selling More BooksAll marketing- no matter which market or industry- is fundamentally about people and making connections.Part of pitching your book will be figuring out how your book relates to your readers and how they will benefit from it.Now that your book is out in the wild, you want to get as many people to it as possible. Here are the eight best strategies for doing just that.NOTE: We cover everything in this post-launch mar keting section and much more about how to build a platform and maintain consistent book sales in our Sell More Books Program. Learn more about it here#1 Build Your Book WebsiteCan you imagine if you came home one day and your house was†¦missing?Well, that is what an author’s life can be like without a website to post fresh content.You’ll always be missing a home where you can park your books. Many authors think they don’t need a website because they can promote their books through social media or the author platform on Amazon.Sorry, not exactly.There is a huge difference. Having an author website is the difference between renting or buying a piece of property. When you rent, you are living in someone else’s space.It doesn’t belong to you and they can cancel your lease at any time. Maintaining your own website on a hosted server with your domain name is the same as having that piece of real estate.You can customize your site your way, publish your own content, and you are always in complete control of how it looks and what gets published.When it comes to book marketing with your own website, the sky’s the limit. You can: Publish your book’s landing page on your site. Post blogs about your upcoming book Create a countdown timer for the book’s release date. Set up an affiliate link to your Amazon page so you get commissions on book sales Include sample chapters from your book Link to video clips about the book on your website Communicate directly with your email subscribers about new releases or your current blog postAnd you can also set up a Google Alert so you can be notified about where your name and your book show up online. If someone gives you good feedback or a stellar review, reach out and thank them and ask them to link back to your book’s website.Action Step:If your book doesn’t already have a website, get one started! To set up your website and personal blog on a paid se rver, you can try Bluehost or Godaddy and use WordPress for building your site.#2 Build Your Email ListThere is a saying going around that says: â€Å"the money is in the list.† Why? It’s simple. A list of followers who are in love with your writing will be the first to line up when you have a new product to sell.These people are essentially your customers.Your email list is yours. It doesn’t belong to Amazon or social media. You control what you want to say, how you say it, and when. Imagine if every time you had a new book ready to launch, hundreds or thousands of people were waiting for it so they could get it first. If you are serious about your book marketing your current project and all future ones as well, building your list shouldbe a top priority. Nothing else comes close.Although building a list takes time, in the long run it is the easiest way to market.These are the true fans that will get the word out and be the first to leave verified reviews afte r buying your new release at the special price of 0.99. But that is just the beginning.You can continue to build your list by including a reader magnet at the front and back of your book. Get people hooked on your brand and then keep them there by writing your next book, and then, including them in your next launch.As your book reaches more people, and you get more signups, your marketing capacity grows†¦exponentially.Action Step:If you haven’t started on your list building, go to an email management system such as Mailchimp or AWeber and sign up for an account. Then get building and start to funnel your fans into your books today.#3 Reach Out to InfluencersWhen it comes to book promoting, nothing can have a bigger impact on your book than influencers through book endorsements.Even Gary Vaynerchuk, one of the most influential and knowledgable people in the marketing game, thinks so. What is an influencer? Influencers can be podcasters, bloggers, or authors with strong e mail lists. It’s someone with an established platform that can get you noticed if they notice you.An influencer is someone who has a lot of promotional weight and can spread the word about your book to thousands of people with just a brief mention to their email list, on their blog, or by sharing on social media, for example.Influencers have a long reach. What you can do is identify the influencers in your niche and reach out to them. Tell them who you are and ask if they can help to promote your latest book.A lot of the time, theyll want a free copy to read and review. You can also offer to support their future endeavors as a way of giving back.Influencers can have a major impact on your exposure as an author, so try to set up interviews in your hometown or reach out to someone online and offer to do an interview so you can deliver value to their target audience.Guest post blogging on an influencer’sblog or website is another way to market your book.For example, if yo u wrote a book on recipes for Italian food, you could try connecting with people in the Italian cooking niche.They may have a blog, podcast, or a webinar on which you want to appear.Action Step:Identify at least one influencer in your market and reach out to that person. Tell them who you are and what you do. Get on their podcast or get interviewed. Exposure to fans in your niche will have a big influence on book sales.#4 Leverage Two Social Media PlatformsSocial media is a powerful way to promote your book to potential readers. We can engage with thousands of people just by hitting a few buttons.But with social media sites, the big scare is the amount of time we can get sucked into trying to do everything. If you try to connect with everyone, you’ll match up with nobody.When promoting and marketing your book, you can’t be everywhere doing all things at once.That is why we recommend you choose two social media sites to work withand post your content regularly on these two sites.For example, you can have a YouTube channeland post weekly videos covering a wide range of topics centering around your book. After a few months, you could build up a library of content that will bring in the right audience, engage with new subscribers, and even create a course out of your videos. Heres an example of Youtube content from a writer currently working on her first fiction novel. She created a Youtube channel to engage fellow writers, who are also readers:By creating a Youtube channel and giving advice about writing, shes appealing to writers while also advertising that she is also a writer and has a book in progress.Switching gears to Facebook, you can promote your book or blog using Facebook adsthat drive new readers to your Facebook page or your book’s website.You could also post popular quotes or snippets of material from your upcoming book. With Twitter, you can post multiple times a day with brief quotes or messages under 280 characters. Twitter h as proven to be a powerful platform for authors when it comes time to promote and market a book.And if your book is more business-focused, you may find that LinkedIn works best for you, since it allows you to connect with new readers on a more professional platform.We recommend choosing two social media platforms and focusing on consistent engagement. This will keep your book’s appearance fresh and invite new people in to check out your work.Using Specific Hashtags to Grow on Social Media#In the writing community, there are a number of very popular hashtags authors and writers use to connect with each other.Why make connections with other authors? Because almost every other isalso a reader!Here are some of the top hashtags you can use on each platform:Twitter#amwriting (as in, I am writing)#writerslife#fantasywriter, #scifiwriter, #contemporarywriter, etc.#writerprobs, #writerproblemsInstagram#amwriting (as in, I am writing)#writerslife#fantasywriter, #scifiwriter, #contempor arywriter, etc.#writerprobs, #writerproblems#writersofig, #writersofinstagram, #writersofinstaFacebook#amwriting (as in, I am writing)#writerslife#fantasywriter, #scifiwriter, #contemporarywriter, etc.#writerprobs, #writerproblemsAction Step:Choose two social media platforms and commit to publishing content regularly. If you only want to focus on one, master it, and then move to another that is perfectly fine! It is better to do one thing and get it right then do two things poorly.#5 Get on BookbubBookbub is the cream of the crop when it comes to promoting and marketing your book. In fact, you should submit your book for promotion as either free or for 99 cents right after your book launch.Bookbub has a massive following and can get your book delivered to thousands of readers. It really is the â€Å"Big One† when it comes to bookmarketing.The cost isn’t cheap and can run you anywhere from $200 to $2,000 for a promo, depending on the genre, category, and the price of y our book.But is it worth it? Yes. Definitely.For example, if you are running a promo for 99 cents in general nonfiction, you could potentially sell, on average, 2,000 copies of your book. Not only will you make a profit, but this could bring in hundreds of subscribers and leads to your email list.From there you can upsell readers on your other books or even a course if you have one.Action Step:Go here for Bookbub submission requirements. You can also check out the pricing here and submit your book here.#6 Interviews and PodcastsA local radio or podcast interview can introduce you to new readers. While this may sound intimidating, you can pull this off like a pro with a little preparation.Look to local colleges, podcast hosts, or local radio stations for interview opportunities(Pro Tip: Hosts love to interview up-and-coming authors, so you may be surprised at the many offers that come your way when you reach out).Reach out, let them know a little bit about your book and why it might be interesting to their audience, and include a free sample of it so they can see if you’d be a good fit.If you have a press release describing what your book is about, feel free to include that as well to give them more context.Then be sure that when you go on, you present a great story about your book and get their listeners excited to read it!Action Step:What are three podcasts or radio shows you could go on to talk about your book? Find their contact info and reach out with a pitch about having you on.#7 Book ClubsLocal book clubs are another goldmine of new readers; you already know they like books! Find and connect with these groups.You can offer to attend a meet-and-greet and hand out copies of your free signed book. You can also get your book listed in Facebook Groups and other groups dedicated to readers.There are also paid lists, such as Buck Books, that can reach tens to hundreds of thousands of readers. Book Launchalso teaches what lists are out there, and which ones are the best to use.Action Step:Are there any book clubs you could join? Look on Facebook for groups that would be a good fit for your book.#8 Write Another BookPublishing another book is great for brand building. In fact, it’s much harder to market just one book unless it is a ground-breaking phenomenal masterpiece.Your book may be great, but you can compound that greatness by writing more books, preferably in a series.With every new book you put out there, you increase the chances of your work getting recognized by influencers and people online who are hanging out in all the places you can target for promotion and sharing.Become a Book Marketing Guru with FREE TrainingLaunching your book is only the beginning. The real work begins after the initial â€Å"bang† is over and you have to dig in deep to promote, engage, and provide solutions to readers’ problems.Remember: Marketing is about delivering a product [your book] to the right people [your audience] who need desperately what you have to offer [your solution].